《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(5): 815-823

中国主要马铃薯栽培品种抗寒性的鉴定与评价

魏亮^1,2, 徐建飞¹, 卞春松¹, 段绍光¹, 胡军¹, 刘杰¹, 庞万福¹, 于卓², 金黎平^1,*

¹中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/农业部薯类作物生物学和遗传育种重点实验室, 北京100081; ²内蒙古农业大学农学院, 呼和浩特010019

通信作者：金黎平；E-mail: jinliping@caas.cn

摘　要：

以抗寒能力较强的马铃薯野生种Solanum acaule材料03079-431为对照, 采用室内电导率法对115个马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种进行了抗寒性鉴定, 评价了我国主要马铃薯栽培品种的抗寒能力。115个马铃薯品种冷驯化前的半致死温度(LT₅₀)介于−1.0~−4.1°C之间, 85.3%的品种LT₅₀高于−3°C, 其中, ‘晋薯2号’、‘克新2号’、‘郑薯5号’和‘郑薯6号’的LT₅₀低于−3.5°C, 具有较强的抗寒能力。依据抗寒能力聚类分析, 将115个供试品种分为低温敏感型、中抗寒型、抗寒型3类, 分别占供试材料的29.6%、55.7%和14.7%。通过田间自然霜冻法进行相关分析验证, 结果显示: 自然霜冻鉴定结果与LT₅₀测定结果的相关性达极显著水平(P<0.01), 相关系数达到0.9287, 表明室内鉴定结果真实可信。比较分析部分品种冷驯化前后的LT₅₀发现, 各个品种冷驯化前后的LT₅₀变化很小, 表明普通栽培种冷驯化能力较弱或无冷驯化能力。

关键词：马铃薯; 抗寒性; 半致死温度

收稿：2017-03-08   修定：2017-05-15

资助：国家现代农业马铃薯产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-10)。

Identification and evaluation of the freezing tolerance of major potato varieties in China

WEI Liang^1,2, XU Jian-Fei¹, BIAN Chun-Song¹, DUAN Shao-Guang¹, HU Jun¹, LIU Jie¹, PANG Wan-Fu¹, YU Zhuo², JIN Li-Ping^1,*

¹Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; ²Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China

Corresponding author: JIN Li-Ping; E-mail: jinliping@caas.cn

Abstract:

Freezing tolerance of 115 potato varieties were evaluated using Logistic equation based on electrolyte leakage of detached leaves from plantlets. The results showed that the semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀) of varieties ranged from –1.0 to –4.1°C, and four varieties of ‘Jinshu 2’, ‘Kexin 2’, ‘Zhengshu 5’ and ‘Zhengshu 6’ were below –3.5°C, indicating that these varieties were with freezing tolerance. The cluster analysis based on values of their LT₅₀ revealed that 115 varieties were divided into 3 groups of freezing sensitivity, medium freezing tolerance, and freezing tolerance, accounting for 29.6%, 55.7% and 14.7%, respectively. The experimental results were further verified by the results of frosting identification in field. The LT₅₀ values of the experimental varieties were highly significantly correlated to the result of the field freezing (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient reached 0.9287. Comparative analysis showed that varieties had hardly cold acclimation capacity.

Key words: potato; freezing tolerance; semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀)